SS 31 Peptide

The SS-31 peptide, a targeted therapeutic peptide, penetrates the inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize mitochondrial function and safeguard mitochondrial health. By stabilizing mitochondrial structure and reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species—often elevated in states of mitochondrial dysfunction—SS-31 peptide acts as a potent antioxidant directly at the source of reactive oxygen species production within the mitochondria. This selective action helps preserve the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane, countering oxidative stress that impairs cellular energy production and overall mitochondrial health.

In therapeutic applications, the SS-31 peptide emerges as a promising agent for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction linked to aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. By enhancing mitochondrial function and mitigating reactive oxygen species, it supports efficient cellular energy generation via optimized ATP synthesis, while promoting mitochondrial structure resilience. As research advances, the SS-31 peptide continues to highlight the potential of therapeutic peptides in restoring mitochondrial health and combating oxidative damage at the cellular level.

Buy SS-31 Peptide Online For Research at Peptides Please

Buy SS-31 Peptide Online For Research at PeptidesPlease, a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (molecular formula C32H49N13O5) that specifically localizes to the inner membrane to optimize mitochondrial bioenergetics, enhance cardiac function, and mitigate oxidative stress as extensively documented in scientific literature.

What Is SS 31 Peptide?

SS-31 peptide is a synthetic, mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide designed to optimize cellular bioenergetics by selectively binding to mitochondrial cardiolipin, stabilizing the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhancing ATP synthesis to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and diseases like heart failure, kidney disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Extensive clinical studies, including phase II trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy and renal artery stenosis, have demonstrated its ability to produce a significant decrease in oxidative stress markers and significant differences in functional outcomes such as improved muscle performance and reduced tissue hypoxia compared to placebo, often detected via assays involving primary antibody staining for mitochondrial proteins. While SS-31 shows strong therapeutic promise across preclinical and human trials, it currently lacks full regulatory approval from agencies like the FDA for widespread clinical use, remaining primarily available as a research compound.

SS 31 Peptide Mechanism of Action

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) designed for mitochondria-targeted therapy. Its primary mechanism involves selective penetration into mitochondria and direct interaction with cardiolipin, a key phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Mitochondrial Targeting

SS-31’s amphipathic, cationic structure enables cell-penetrating and mitochondria-selective accumulation, driven by the negative surface charge of mitochondrial membranes. It preferentially binds to the inner membrane via electrostatic interactions, achieving higher concentrations in mitochondria than in the cytoplasm.

Cardiolipin Interaction

The peptide binds with high affinity to cardiolipin, preventing its peroxidation and maintaining its structure under oxidative stress. Cardiolipin stabilization preserves mitochondrial cristae architecture, anchors respiratory complexes, and supports electron transport chain (ETC) supercomplex assembly.

ETC Optimization and ROS Reduction

By optimizing cardiolipin-protein interactions, SS-31 enhances ETC efficiency (complexes I, III, IV), reduces electron leakage, and lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This boosts ATP synthesis while inhibiting cytochrome C peroxidase activity.

Additional Effects

SS-31 modulates membrane surface electrostatics, potentially displacing toxic proteins like alpha-synuclein and altering ion/protein distribution at the interface. These actions collectively mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, ischemia, and diseases.

SS-31 Peptide Benefits

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a potent mitochondrial-targeting peptide intended exclusively for research purposes. It enhances ATP production, optimizes electron transfer within mitochondria, boosts energy levels, reduces cellular damage from oxidative stress, and prevents mitochondrial-driven cell death. Previously reported studies highlight its protective effects across multiple systems by safeguarding mitochondrial function

• Cardiovascular Health: Enhances heart function and mitochondrial health in cardiomyocytes; shows potential to reverse age-related cardiac dysfunction.
• Neuroprotection: Protects neurons from mitochondrial dysfunction, reduces amyloid-beta accumulation, and improves cognitive deficits in dementia models.
• Muscle and Aging: Protects skeletal muscle mitochondria, preventing age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), increasing exercise tolerance, and supporting anti-aging effects.
• Kidney Protection: Repairs mitochondrial structure, reduces inflammation, and reverses damage in kidney cells—effective for acute renal injuries and chronic kidney disease.
• Vision Improvement: Demonstrates potential in protecting retinal cells, particularly for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
• Metabolic Health: Improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress, boosts energy levels, and helps manage diabetes-related complications.

SS 31 Peptide Side Effects

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide known for its favorable safety profile in clinical studies, primarily showing mild, localized injection site reactions.

Injection Site Reactions

• These are the most common side effects, affecting 10-60% of users depending on the trial, including erythema (57%), pruritus (47%), pain (20%), urticaria (20%), and irritation (10%).
• Reactions like redness, swelling, itching, and induration are typically mild, self-limiting, and resolve within hours to days without intervention.
• They occur due to subcutaneous administration and activation of skin receptors, with topical steroids like mometasone potentially reducing them.​

Systemic Side Effects

• Headaches and dizziness are occasionally reported (10-30% incidence), alongside rarer transient fatigue, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, flushing, or stomach discomfort.
• No serious treatment-related adverse events, discontinuations, or fatalities have been linked to SS-31 in Phase 2-3 trials like TAZPOWER (Barth syndrome) or EMBRACE (STEMI).​
• Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, ECG) show no significant changes, and it spares normal mitochondria without kidney toxicity (e.g., stable serum creatinine).

Overall Tolerability

• Patients in trials for heart failure, mitochondrial myopathies, and kidney disease have tolerated daily subcutaneous (e.g., 40 mg) or IV doses well, even over years in extensions.
• SS-31 does not harm healthy mitochondria and has no major drug interactions or contraindications noted in available data.

SS 31 Peptide Price

PeptidesPlease offers SS-31 peptide at a price of 120.00 USD for a 10 mg vial and 260.00 USD for a 50 mg vial, providing researchers with flexible quantity options for mitochondrial-targeted peptide studies in a lyophilized format suitable for precise laboratory use.​

Research SS 31 Peptide for Sale at PeptidesPlease

SS-31 (Elamipretide), a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2), is a research-grade compound designed to protect cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, enhancing ATP production, reducing oxidative stress, and stabilizing cellular energy metabolism. Extensive studies highlight its potential in research applications for anti-aging, kidney disease amelioration, neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, heart failure, and muscle recovery by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) without affecting normal mitochondria. For purchase at PeptidesPlease.com, this vendor specializes in high-purity (≥99%) U.S.-manufactured and globally sourced research peptides via white-label options, strictly for laboratory and scientific use only, with third-party testing, on-demand shipping, and no inventory requirements—ideal for biomedical researchers seeking verified SS-31 for experimental investigations into mitochondrial function and longevity.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the use of SS-31 peptide?

SS-31 peptide is primarily used as a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant. It binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane to stabilize electron transport, boost ATP production, reduce oxidative stress (ROS), and protect against cellular damage in conditions like kidney disease, heart failure, and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction.

Does SS-31 help with weight loss?

No, there is no evidence that SS-31 promotes weight loss. Research emphasizes its roles in energy production, mitochondrial repair, endurance, and organ protection rather than fat reduction or metabolic weight control.

What are the side effects of SS-31?

Reported side effects are generally mild and include headaches, dizziness, gastrointestinal distress, flushing, or fatigue, which often resolve quickly. It is contraindicated for pregnant or breastfeeding women and those with a cancer history due to limited safety data.

Is SS-31 peptide legal?

SS-31 is legal for research purposes as a research-grade peptide but not approved for general human therapeutic use outside clinical trials. Its sale for human consumption falls into a regulatory gray area in many places.

What is another name for SS-31 peptide?

SS-31 is also known as Elamipretide.

Is SS 31 FDA-approved?

No, SS-31 (Elamipretide) is not FDA-approved for any indication; it remains investigational, primarily studied in animal models and early clinical trials for mitochondrial disorders.

Summary

SS-31 (Elamipretide), a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide, represents a promising therapeutic agent by selectively accumulating in the inner mitochondrial membrane through its affinity for cardiolipin, thereby stabilizing membrane structure, optimizing electron transport chain efficiency, reducing reactive oxygen species production, and enhancing ATP synthesis to combat oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Its renal excretion, favorable safety profile, and demonstrated benefits in preclinical models of kidney disease, cardiac aging, sarcopenia, and Barth syndrome underscore its potential across diverse pathologies driven by mitochondrial impairment, from acute kidney injury to age-related decline in muscle and heart function. Overall, SS-31 offers a targeted strategy to restore cellular bioenergetics and resilience, positioning it as a valuable research tool and candidate for clinical translation in oxidative stress-related conditions.